Do you have any examples?

You can make any language do anything if you have days/months/years of free time, but NodeJS isn't suitable for systems programming. Imagine trying to write a tcp load balancer or interface with Linux specific kernel APIs from Javascript. It's not a great choice for a CLI tool since there's inherent startup time for JITed VM based language. It doesn't scale well for CPU bound thread pool applications like image processing, etc.

So there are lots of places where it doesn't make any sense at all or it's just a very, very poor choice for a particular task.

Some more would be statistical (R, Matlab, SPSS), gaming outside the web (C, C++, Java), scientific computing (Python, Fortran, Julia), supercomputing simulations (Fortran, C++, C), embedded devices (C, C++, Rust), server farms (C++, Go, Java), financial (Java, Cobol, J/K), to name three PLs in each category that come to mind.

There is a big world of computing outside of apps and websites.

Clojure would be a bad choice for pretty much all of those as well, right? Or is it interchangeable with Java?

People use Clojure for all of those. From the rationale (https://clojure.org/about/rationale), Clojure "endeavors to be a general-purpose language suitable in those areas where Java is suitable".