Chinese people in general aren’t really like that. They aren’t especially patriotic or loyal when compared to Americans (most will eye roll at the above accusation). A lot of it just about money and opportunity that isn’t otherwise present in the states (corporate espionage is less common in the USA because it is prosecuted aggressively).

Likewise, most soldiers don’t do soldiering for the glory or death, they do it for the money/opportunity.

Now that we have multiple hypotheses (patriotic motivation and materialistic motivation) we should think about how we could tell which one it was. I can't think of any way that we could ever know the difference.

Spying isn’t new. There’s always a combination of the two.

Note: I am only talking about the military part.

So they will only protect billionaires? No, that doesn't drive people to make sacrifices. In my opinion it's just about protecting what you love. There are some things worth fighting for even if it means a “glorious death”. Soldiers aren't stupid, I know some. They just can't not take the responsibility. In my eyes they are heroes.

Humans are still very barbaric in large masses. Tribalism persists in our very psyche.

What a joke here.I think there are no patriotism and loyalty. Those just in dreams and stories.

It might just be money. You will get paid more if you have worked for a well known company.

If you are asked to swipe some IP of your employer, with a subtle reminder you still have family in your home country and they know where to find them, what would you do?