I recall seeing something about agriculture productivity improving at 1% per year over many many decades - maybe that wasn't compounding though.
The first search result I found had this: "we track four key global crops—maize, rice, wheat, and soybean—that currently produce nearly two-thirds of global agricultural calories. We find that yields in these top four crops are increasing at 1.6%, 1.0%, 0.9%, and 1.3% per year, non-compounding rates"*
Another example is fuel efficiency of cars? Although that has hard limits.
Sure, nothing like electronics, but over decades slow compounding of small amounts does matter to us all.
* https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
Obviously, the field where exponential growth is/was sustained over a significant period is chips/microprocessors. Miniaturization is well-know as the key to this.
Information processing so-far is all that has benefited here. But existence of biological organisms, constructed from cells existing on a tiny scale, shows that miniaturization could be applied to other functionalities. There's no reason to think we're near that now but the situation does invite us to imagine it in theory.