The i9-9900k does not support AVX-512, since it's still based on the Coffee Lake uarch. ARK confirms: https://ark.intel.com/products/186605
It's true that Coffee Lake has a performance edge over Ryzen when running AVX/AVX2 code though.
"SSE speed" is the most meaningful term I've ever seen.
Ryzen doesn't have 256-bit wide units, so 256-bit instructions take 2x as long.
The benefit of that is that Ryzen doesn't throttle the clock speed of the whole chip when executing AVX2 instructions :P
Intel's widening of units has brought a giant downclocking problem: https://blog.cloudflare.com/on-the-dangers-of-intels-frequen...
[EDIT - removed AVX-512 claim that was wrong]
Overall perf is likely a lot better with the i9 for most workloads.