If everybody in your team uses same distribution of Linux (say latest Fedora, for example), then all dependencies can be packaged into RPM or installed from system repository. RPM and docker are very similar in general idea: they are both image of result of installation of a program(RPM)/system(Docker).

Every member of team will need to run same version of Fedora directly or in Vagrant or in (ta-da) docker container.

From my experience, it turned out that for small Dockerfile's, RPM packages are unnecessary burden, so usually I just start with just docker. But later, when Dockerfile growths, it much harder to track dependencies and installation instructions, when they are interleaved, so it much easier to return to individually packaged programs and replace almost whole content of Dockerfile with single "dnf install meta-package" command.