The Middle Ages, for one. Most of human history has been characterized by episodic innovation bookended by centuries of zero growth.
For comparison the European dark ages had quite a bit of progress in algebra, farming etc, but again covered several hundred years so progress was slow.
The "European dark ages" had literally zero progress in algebra, it was Boethius's De arithmetica in the Quadrivium for six centuries until Fibonacci's Liber abaci introduced the hindu-arabic numbers, which he learned in what today we call Algeria. And then algebraic methods (BTW "algorithm" comes from the name of al-Khwarizmi, "algebra" comes from "al-jabr") were unknown in Europe until Robert of Chester translated Khwarizmi's "Hisab Al-jabr w'al-muqabala" to Latin from the original in Arabic. There was zero progress in algebra in Europe for six centuries because they had no algebra. After that (there was a bit of a divide between abacists and algebrists), people doing algebra in Europe used that book until the printed arithmetics/algebras of the 16th century. All of them do mention their sources: you can download them in google books and look it up.
Really though any progress over 500 years is all it takes to avoid complete stagnation. https://plus.maths.org/content/lost-mathematicians-numbers-n...
PS: Now they where not building the kind of great feats of engineering that gets you geometry progress, but their accounting systems got really complex.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_science_in_the_Middle...
From the 1970s to today:
Microsoft OS, Apple Macintosh, Dell PCs (a star that faded but was once dominant), Amazon shopping, Google web search, Facebook social network, plus all their competitors dotted in between.