This link seems to cover a lot of the differences. It sounds like a decent system, but not one that would ever work in the US. The private healthcare companies have too much to money to lose and would use the media to frame such as system as communist and dangerous.

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-the-US-...

If that's true, then literally any plans for public hospitals or healthcare insurance are doomed from the beginning, isn't that right?

Basically. That is a good summary of the political debate over healthcare for the last few decades in the US.