Sorry, the guy that wrote/implemented abstraction layers 2 and 3 left 2 years ago and didn't document anything.
We've been understaffed for a year and we've been told not to hire any more staff until the new financial year.
I've got a "technical debt" item on the backlog but business drives the priorities and it'll never get done.
Only matters when the fault is located or manifests itself precisely in that layer, and that's always a risk. Consider all the third-party dependencies you use. They usually have only their APIs documented. Fixing a fault usually requires knowledge of the internal implementation.
> We've been understaffed for a year and we've been told not to hire any more staff until the new financial year.
> I've got a "technical debt" item on the backlog but business drives the priorities and it'll never get done.
Yeah, I get that. I've seen that. Thing is, you can only play lottery so long with your main product - and also, if your workplace runs an assembly line so tight that you can't spend hours thinking per ticket (excluding the most trivial ones), then something is seriously broken on yet another level.
Ultimately, I guess what I'm saying is that the main problem here is cultural - possibly both on developer and management side. The actual technical tasks aren't usually that challenging.
Also, lots of people are impatient and/or intellectually lazy. We have piled up a ton of abstraction layers, yes, but they aren't hard to pry apart. But people want immediate results without doing necessary cognitive work - understanding-guided exploration.
It usually isn't hard to identify which component of your product is misbehaving. Before getting into complex magic of containers and sandboxes and stuff, I'd start with the easiest - looking at the Network tab, at your server's resource use, reading the logs, adding some log statements measuring times in suspected areas, actually profiling the backend code (e.g. with a statistical profiler). This should quickly help you identify where the problem is manifesting itself. Then the search for the cause begins.