Citation? Last time I looked at LuaJIT it still beat V8 by a healthy margin.
Library support immediately comes to mind. If I need an implementation of, say, the Kerberos protocol, I'm more likely to find a binding in Java than in JS.
Note that the number of packages is not a great indicator of the quality of implementation.
* Java code means what it says and is simple to reason about.
* Top-notch IDEs like Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA. Great debugging and diagnostic support, both at development-time and in production (e.g., logging and instrumentation frameworks, crash reporting).
* Java is meaningfully cross-platform, though in practice this is mostly useful for portable development (as opposed to portable production deployment). I can develop my services on Windows or Mac, then deploy to Linux in production, with zero fuss. (Don't even need a container)
* Feature-rich standard library. Powerful concurrency primitives and data structures, async, and futures libraries built right into the Java runtime (java.util.concurrent). You can dip into frameworks like Akka for more sophisticated use-cases.
* Huge open source community that's working on projects like Apache Hadoop, Hive, Spark, Avro, Cassandra, etc. Take a look at how many Apache Java projects there are, for example: https://projects.apache.org/projects.html?language#Java . Top-notch DI frameworks like Netty, Guice, Dagger, Spring. Top-notch REST and RPC programming frameworks like gRPC, Thrift, Cap'n Proto, JAX-RS/Jersey.
* Java code is extremely reliable. Java code cannot crash in complex ways. Try/catch covers the vast majority of concerns for practical error handling and recovery. Java code's consistent use of GC, exceptions, and treatment of sync/async means that all libraries are modular and can be meaningfully and safely composed with each other. For comparison see What Color Is Your Function: http://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2015/02/01/what-color-is-y...
* Multiple languages that can interoperate: Java, Groovy, Scala, Kotlin, Clojure. The GraalVM and GraalJIT show amazing potential: https://www.graalvm.org/
* Because Java is so widely used, many tools and client libraries and such support Java before other platforms.
* A large population of developers understand Java and will be productive immediately on the project (vs. obscure languages).
* Modern, concise syntax that supports anonymous classes and functions, Lambdas, streams, Optionals. Java continues to improve over time and pick up concepts from other languages.
List<ProductDisplayInfo> getDisplayList(List<Product> products) {
return products.stream()
.filter(p -> p.getCategory() == 2
|| p.getCategory() == 5 && isProductUnderDiscount(p))
.map(ProductDisplayInfo::new)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
* The JVM is a very high performance implementation that can rival native programs on important benchmarks for many server use-cases. I've built a lot of software and have rarely, if ever, run into performance reasons to use a different language. (Usually a small native library with JNI bindings meets the need when that's the case.) Other platforms rarely achieve a fraction of the JVM's performance in server-side use-cases. See benchmarking results from a previous comment I wrote on this topic (internal citations removed):
> Folks might also be interested in the TechEmpower web framework benchmark. The top Java entry ("rapidoid") is #2 on the benchmark and achieves 99.9% of the performance of the #1 entry (ulib in C++). These frameworks both achieve about 6.9 million requests per second. The top Java Netty server (widely deployed async/NIO server) is about 50% of that, while the Java Jetty server, which is regular synchronous socket code, clocks in at 10% of the best or 710,000 R/s.
> NodeJS manages 320,000 R/s which is 4.6% of the best. In other words, performance-focused async Java achieves 20x, regular asynchronous Java achieves 10x, and boring old synchronous Jetty is still 2x better than NodeJS throughput.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14153879
* I'm personally a fan of Rust and appreciate its concepts, but garbage collection suffices and is easier to work with for the majority of use-cases I encounter. C# and .NET also have many of the properties above, though not the large open source community.
People who are starting businesses and have a practical, get-the-job-done attitude would be wise to consider Java. It's versatile enough to do almost anything on the server-side.
These are exactly the reasons why JVM is the primary platform for us and Clojure/Java are the primary languages to use. If you compare languages by performance, library availability and developer popularity it is extremely hard to beat Java/JVM
If you want GC and/or fast dev speed, go for JavaScript. If you really need static typing, go for TypeScript. JS has one of the fastest VMs on the planet and virtually everywhere.
If you need speed and don't want to mess around with decades of C/C++ legacy quirks, go for Rust.