Theory Suggests That All Genes Affect Every Complex Trait

Re:Theory Suggests That All Genes Affect Every Complex Trait by civilitty on Wednesday June 20, 2018 @06:13PM (#17360311)

I think it's easier to understand if you rephrase it as "evolution doesn't encapsulate." Just because a bunch of smaller proteins fold into a bigger quaternary protein structure doesn't mean that those smaller proteins become "private" members of the new protein "class". Any chemical binding sites that are still exposed on the surface of the complex protein will still be chemically active and affected by evolutionary pressure. Even if you have a protein A made up of B, C, and D that all evolved together to metabolize fructose, an exposed binding site from protein C on A can still effect some completely unrelated biochemistry. At the same time, protein C could also be a critical component of a new protein E.

If the evolutionary pressures on E (or C individually) are greater than on A, C could evolve completely out from under A to the point where A is no longer functional or foldable. As such, evolution can't "rely" on abstractions like "protein C" because their "source code" can be changed nonlocally and their function is dependent on very local conditions like temperature, pH, and surrounding molecules. Abstracting away g(h(i(x))) as f(x) in Mathematica is pointless when your packet sniffer can arbitrarily change the meaning of "h(x)" to "nop".

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Re:Theory Suggests That All Genes Affect Every Complex Trait by felipemnoa on Wednesday June 20, 2018 @08:44PM (#17361163)

>>evolution doesn't encapsulate.

I'm not a biologist or geneticists but from everything that I've read about cellular biology and genetics I get the strong feeling that there is a lot of encapsulation going on. Sure, it isn't 100% percent perfect but there is still encapsulation going on. Evolution would probably be way harder without it.

One hint is the human body, there are lots of encapsulations: eyes, heart, kidneys, digestive system, etc.

Evolution can repurpose an existing system for a completely different use with just some tweaking.

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Re:Theory Suggests That All Genes Affect Every Complex Trait by telchar on Wednesday June 20, 2018 @09:15PM (#17361278)

I think that's a misleading observation though. It is squinting at the macro structure of the body and saying "ah ha, encapsulation!". When you look closer the apparent encapsulation seems less and less like an accurate notion. For example the newer research showing how the gut affects cognition. [0]

This is a bit off-topic but I think paleo-ontologists fall into a similar trap, at least based on popular writing about e.g. sharks. Claims that they haven't evolved in 100M years because they're the same shape as they used to be completely ignore all the other aspects of the shark that could change without affecting the overall shape.

0. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997042

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Re:Theory Suggests That All Genes Affect Every Complex Trait by Osiris on Wednesday June 20, 2018 @10:16PM (#17361549)

Or perhaps it's like code where everything is in therl global scope. New code may add global variables and/or rely on existing ones, or even change existing ones. In code like, changing one line of code could have far reaching and unexpected consequences.

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Re:Theory Suggests That All Genes Affect Every Complex Trait by jds375 on Wednesday June 20, 2018 @06:47PM (#17360572)

Great explanation (even though you're not OP), makes sense now!

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