Your Intel based CPU’s Management Engine does so it can run that NSA spyware the Internet tells me [1].

Also embedded java, (kind of the JVM without floats, or GC) is common on base band processors for cellphones and satellites.

The full modern JVM10 spec has way to much magic to do in hardware. Some of the opcodes do things hardware can’t easily emulate.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11913379