Those people don't appear out of thin air, the only reason increasing capacity can be shown to not influence commute times is because such studies look at small increases of capacity followed by decades of no capacity increases at all. They're totally biased.

To talk about efficiency, it's also not very efficient to assign a whole dwelling to each family. But that's what people want to have, so you can either plan for that, where you at least have the possibility of success, or you can continue to plan cities based upon utopian fictions, and continue to get the same results.

> But that's what people want to have

Are you suggesting that if cities upzoned more areas for smaller dwelling like townhomes and duplexes, families would, what, refuse to live in them? Those units would just remain empty? Because if so, you're wrong.

It's not the free market, it's not individual choice blocking smaller dwellings, it's zoning regulations.

I don't agree that they're biased. Take LA as an example: there has been a massive expansion in the highway system there (in terms of new interstate sections and lane additions). There's more land area dedicated to transport than just about anything else. The fact is that cars are inherently inefficient in terms of space — they're huge, there are tons of them, and they're not used something like 95% of the time. Sure, maybe you could build your way out of the problem, but, like, why? What's the point when rail is so much more efficient?

The popularity of detached housing is really only a post-WWII phenomenon created by massive infrastructure investments in highways and tax incentives for homeownership (versus renting, which is basically pouring money down a hole in the US). It's a historical anomaly, and I don't think you can disentangle the desire for detached homes from the policy structures that incentivize it.

I agree with your assessment of the highway system.

But saying [t]he popularity of detached housing...[is] a historical anomaly is somewhat misleading.

Widespread prosperity is new by historical standards. Penicillin is new by historical standards. Air conditioning is new by historical standards. It's unclear why owning detached housing - similar to what only richer people used to own - is any different.

These results hold whether the city is in California or Texas.

If Texas can't build enough roads to solve the problem, no one can. Houston's road system is enormous.