In those terms, its usually a hit to reputation, though in general its RARE that a "reputation" hit will prevent an ex-CEO from getting another CEO job, but usually means they won't get a "better" CEO/Executive position.

Likewise, if you're working at a company (Facebook say) that has a scandal, get laid off, you're probably gonna be able to find another job.

CEO are forgiven by the job market even when they run out of a failing company while taking a big bonus.

Would you want to be the CEO of a large corporation? The money is great, which everyone who isn't a CEO always seems to want to complain about, but there is very little work-life balance there, and a huge amount of pressure. And you still have a boss, in the form of the board, and very aggressive, possibly unrealistic milestones to hit. And thousands of employees depending on your decisions, along with many millions of shareholders directly and indirectly via their retirement plans.