That's because you just described traffic lights.

Now, I don't think a lot of biological research have been done when deciding the colors of traffic lights, there is research about why they feel so obvious.

The idea is: Red is the most noticeable color, good for signaling danger or requiring attention. Green is distinct from red, it is also the brightest color, so it is good as a complement for red. Yellow is simply the intermediate between red and green.