I don't know if it is ironic or if there is something I didn't understand...

That's because you just described traffic lights.

Now, I don't think a lot of biological research have been done when deciding the colors of traffic lights, there is research about why they feel so obvious.

The idea is: Red is the most noticeable color, good for signaling danger or requiring attention. Green is distinct from red, it is also the brightest color, so it is good as a complement for red. Yellow is simply the intermediate between red and green.

Agreed that we probably end up on that naturally for things like traffic lights or danger signs, but I was thinking more interns of a full UI with that approach as an integral, conscious design consideration... based on more in depth and sophisticated study of replicating colour schemes in a natural environment in a broader sense.

We already use colour schemes tuned to our perception. They naturally converge on them.

Have you never noticed how colour blind people always complain that so many interfaces use red and green as two opposing colours? Or how those colours are overused in carthography? Because we do.