Bytecode is machine language, specially on mainframes and computer architectures up to early 80's.
It is all a matter how the CPU executes it, direct mapping of machine code into gates, or micro-coded translation layer.
It is all a matter how the CPU executes it, direct mapping of machine code into gates, or micro-coded translation layer.
It is not black and white, compiling to IL or bytecode qualifies as compiling. Perhaps compiling means compilation to a binary executable format?