> Using an apostrophe is the technically correct way to pluralize acronyms.

No, it's not the “technically correct way”. It's true that some style guides recommend something like this (but always, AFAIK, more limited); e.g., the New York Times style (and Chicago style) uses apostrophes for plurals of abbreviatiins formed with capital letters and periods, and plurals of single letters. [0] AP, on the other hand, only uses apostrophes for plurals of single letters, but not for abbreviations/initialisms/acronyms. Most British styles I've seen don't use apostrophes for plurals at all, IIRC.

[0] https://afterdeadline.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/faqs-on-s...

How do you distinguish between plural and ownership if you use ‘s for both?

It's not uncommon for natural languages to have homonyms, so people are used to deal with them. The context allows deciding which is the correct meaning.

I’d love a reference for this convention.

Says whom?