Japan also has excellent public transportation, and is much less restrictive than Singapore. In major metro areas, its rail systems even make a profit.

It has sprawl but it's far less auto-oriented than the US.

Some major factors are: -expressways are almost all tolled -carbuyers are required to demonstrate that they own/rent a parking space, rather than policy than mandates every new housing unit and business have enough parking that demand is more than sated even at zero cost -zoning that allows sufficiently-dense land use such that most residences are within a short walk of a rail station— this station usually has groceries and other necessities nearby, as well as schools within walking distance

You don’t need to run a one-party police state in order to have a functioning public transit system or limit urban car use, and it’s entirely possible to have a one-party police state while also having car-dependent suburban sprawl.

Granted. I'm just pointing out those were the reasons it was "easy" to pull off in SG.