So I take it there is data that the reduction from 24 hours to 16 hours that occurred a while ago resulted in a lower standard of care? Can you show it to me?

As an engineer, I used to think I didn't have what it takes to work long hours. After about 5-6pm, I'd start making mistakes, and my productivity would be roughly halved. I'd occasionally come in the next day and realize I had screwed up and would spend the morning redoing the work I did after 5pm the previous day.

Then I once stayed at work late not for my project, but to help other coworkers who I thought "had what it takes". It was insightful to see they made the same number of errors that I did, and had I not been there, they would have had to redo the work the following morning as well.

This is especially true for simple, tedious work, which a lot of medicine is about (at least at the nursing level). Things like administering medications.

I'd like to know what magic they use when training doctors in their residency to avoid such errors that other industries have not been able to master.

Yes, handoffs are risky for patients. As is being tired.