Every large org project I’ve seen fail does so for three large categories of reasons: under-management (delegating too much authority, project management and lack of accountability over to vendors), vague requirements (ie vendor becomes more hesistant, less certain what to build and moves in tangents to meet expectations) or too long of a feedback cycle (ie BDU).

Also outsourcing cheaply.

Well there is a mix, the majority of companies shouldn’t waste their developers time on writing an inventory management system or writing an accounting system. Instead they should focus their efforts where they can build a major competitive advantage.