no. 2 sounds sufficient, if we want to roll it all into one. If we take PHD to be a, apprenticeship for the academic trade, you can't have that apprentices- tradesmen ratio. ..not unless people are going to be apprentices for a long time.

Universities decide this ratio. It's self contained. We can either have a different ratio, the current issues, or an exponential professor crisis that'd make brontitall look like childsplay