The Adapteva Epiphany or the Rex Neo is probably closer to what you're looking for. However, once you ask for anything that handles control flow well, you pretty much end back up at the general purpose CPU, which is highly inefficient for a reason. For example, even your GPU today will become very inefficient with control flow due to branch divergence.
Quoted for irony of including MATLAB in a comment hoping for more open availability.
The execution policies that are provided with the stand will supprt launching normal OS thread on CPUs, but others could do all kinds of crazy things. They could perform the required operations on CPUs, GPU, Cuda, OpenCL or potentially on crazy hardware like this, where it makes sense to do so.
Here is one example, std::find has overloads that accept this: http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/find
There seems to be an opening in the market for truly general purpose processors having say > 16 or 32 cores. So it would be nice to have a curated list somewhere of multipurpose chips.