I very much doubt that, considering how fierce the competition between retailers is, often fighting over single cents.

Even if that were true (I could write a book about how wrong this is), this isn't something retailers can compete on. If I get 2 extra cents, why would I give it back to the consumer, if my competitor could just do the same (and now both my competitor and I have lost those 2 cents)?

You should take a look at ALDI and LIDL’s retail strategy.

They’ve been in an eternal race for lower prices since they started competing.

Yes, I read that article too. I already told you why it doesn't apply.

Which article?

Also, it literally applies here – since the fees for credit cards were reduced, ALDI and LIDL introduced payment with credit card (which wasn’t possible before at all at them). Same with REWE and coop.

How can you say it doesn’t apply if it literally happened.

That's not at all what you were talking about earlier. If you can't understand the difference, it's not worth explaining anything to you.

Don't take this the wrong way but in the real world when regulation like this happens its not the end consumer that benefits.

The EU reduces your transaction costs by 2% for all retailers there's no way they will pass this on to the consumer eg my morning Starbucks did not get cheaper