If by "de-evolved" you mean 'not as high level', then I would agree: Go is indeed a lower-level language than Python.

— Go is basically a better (more evolved?) C.

C has no concept of the kind of for loop used in the article, so there is no "how it works" in C.

While C has no for-in loop, the natural translation of that to a C style for loop and the C address-of operator would work the same way; the key thing is that student is a variable defined outside the loop whose value is modified each iteration, not a fresh variable allocated with each loop iteration.