Read Matt Levine's column on Bloomberg. All of them, and the ones from when he worked for Dealbreaker as well. He tells the stories in a clear way that makes sense, cutting through a lot of nonsense, and so you understand the key points even without getting the jargon, and then you gradually pick up the jargon too.

Matt Levine's column is great. The Economist can also bring similar-ish knowledge, but its focus is broader.

Obligatory:

http://abstrusegoose.com/389

If you're serious about getting to know it, I would torrent some level 1 CFA study material and skim it in bits and pieces. Really though, I would avoid it. This jargon can rot your brain.

Doesn't CFA contain lots of law/ethics etc?

15% I think but you can skip that.

Honestly, most of the "jargon" I know is mostly by reading the news.

I guess I know a bit more than the typical layperson but that's because I do a little bit of personal investing outside of Robinhood and most of my friends not in tech are in finance.

Read macro-man.blogspot.com if you really fancy some fancy terms.

In seriousness, after reading for a couple of months, and looking the odd thing up, and not worrying about the jargon, just acquire it, you'll have a seriously good understanding of markets, what they influence, and what influences them.

start with https://academy.investopedia.com/? helpful for jargon anyway.

Play Capitalism 2 / Lab and you're half way there