I'm a long-term fan of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (and accept that it's not without dispute).
"I literally died laughing" doesn't mean the same thing as "I died laughing", either. "Literally" functions as an intensifier here, and therefore the former sentence is stronger.
Would you be happy with 'I died laughing ...' when people describe something especially funny? (I would, for the record.)
And/or do you think 'I literally died laughing ...' (when people didn't actually die from laughing) to be more emphatic / compelling a commendation?
If someone said 'I literally died twice from laughter ...' would that be doublepluscompelling?
Then you would already be OK with something analogous to using "literally" as an intensifier.
Since, of course, "died" also means something specific that's unrelated to laughing, and the person uttering the phrase doesn't imply that they actually died.
>If someone said 'I literally died twice from laughter ...' would that be doublepluscompelling?
No, that's why people don't say it. It's the historical evolution of language that dictates what's "doublepluscompelling" or not, not some a priori rules.
like
In Vulcan it's usually frowned upon, but human languages often use nuance, play, context, and (gasp) more than one word for the same notion.
Moreover, the value of a word is not in its definition, but in its use. Even if "literally" (in this usage scenario) means the same as "figuratively" they both have very different connotations and impact on the listener.
"4. in effect; in substance; very nearly; virtually: I literally died when she walked out on stage in that costume."