To do the same in Microsoft Office, you need to dick around with OneDrive and/or SharePoint. The last decade or so, I've only touched Office when someone sends me some .xls or .ppt file and I'm being lazy and just want to view it.
It's 2017, this is how we work now. My colleagues (literally) across the world are not going to connect to some shared NFS drive or whatever via VPN to store documents.
One drive for your personal documents only for you. One drive for your team only visible and editable by people in your team. One drive company wide with common stuff.
You can send a link to your colleagues and it just works! That doesn't support multiple editing though. That's how things were done historically.
Google doc is good to send a documents to a bunch of emails and see/edit the documents. It's terrible to write longer documents with advanced formatting, pictures and schemas.
A web site inside a browser cannot resemble that and all the hacks to try to are not getting much close.