Companies and unions are in a prisoner's dilemma, the german/nordic model works because both parties cooperate, historically US or French companies have not been cooperative (many a US labor movement or union was put down by private armies — pinkerton was a big one — or even the US army).

If the union cooperates with an uncooperative company it just gets rolled over, if the union is combative it works better (until the union falls below the level of strength which lets them balance the company).

Look no further than Amazon in Germany for a demonstration.

Germany has a lot of govt. financed/controlled businesses.

Lower Saxony (German state) has 20% voting control of Volkswagen, Audi's parent company. There are also anti-takeover restrictions such as shareholder ownership caps.

>Germany has a lot of govt. financed/controlled businesses.

Examples, apart from VW and Deutsche Bahn? After privatization of the Kohl era there shouldn't be much left. When I was a kid I even drank milk from a state-owned dairy plant.

Here you go! [0]

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprise#Germany

That doesn't seem to be excessive? I find it a pretty short list of names that are just quite highly visible. It's mostly enterprises that provide some form of public good (infrastructure).

It's not an exhaustive list. At that, IMHO, it's too general to say these firms (sampled) produce public goods (i.e. nonrivalrous and nonexcludable). For example, I don't get the benefits from intermodal shipping via Hapag-Lloyd without paying.

I wouldn't call french unions weak. They are quite famous for their strikes. Here's an Economist blog post about them: http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/03/ec...

Hmm. I live in Belgium and I believe being famous for their strikes isn't a good indicator of their real weight. Media and journalists makes much more noise covering the strikes than strikers actually do.

In my university days the statistics showed that a lot of more strikes happen in France and USA compared to Germany. Theory was that the German model had more build in mechanism to deescalate problems between booth parties regulated by law. From my perspective the unions are really weak these days.

IIRC, Japan also has more cooperative unions where Unions and businesses seek the long term viability of a company as well as worker welfare, even when that results in people idling at the windows.