Yes, but GPUs should only be consider for acceleration when there is insufficient local CPU power to accomplish something valuable. Otherwise, it's like buying a Ferrari to get groceries.

https://www.journaldulapin.com/2014/12/04/a-nvidia-maxwell-c...

https://tompaw.net/cuda-on-thunderbolt-egpu/

http://xlr8yourmac.com/tips/MBP_ThunderBoltVideoCard.htm

AKiTio Node | Thunderbolt3 External PCIe Box for GPUs https://www.amazon.com/dp/B06WD8KS52

Gigabyte GeForce GTX 1080 XTREME Gaming Premium Pack Video Card (GV-N1080XTREME-8GD Premium Pack) https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01HHC9Q3U