On Linux it depends on your desktop environment, I suppose.

Or if you just use a window manager, like i3wm for example, you can define all sorts of hotkeys, which you can also bind to custom shell scripts, or anything you like, in your i3 config.

Edit: I used this a while ago, when I was using bspwm as my window manager: https://github.com/baskerville/sxhkd