I actually own a Ti-82, but I have never programmed it :-)
You can program it without any hardware. There is an intepreter and an "ide" on-board, look for the PRGM key.
Also, I saw there is an "ASM" command, but I didn't check if it can assemble stuff or anything.
Sounds great :-) Only problem is the "not-so-great" keyboard :-/
The Ti86/Ti89 are programmable in both Assembly and BASIC (interpreter on-rom). If you are willing to buy the data cable and fiddle with SDCC (Small-devices C compiler, a "mod" of gcc) you might program them in C as well.
Links:
* Ti86: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-86
* Ti89: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-89_series
* SDCC: http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/