Yes, this is traditionally a big effort in the neuromorphic community originating in Carver Meads lab at Caltech.

Perhaps the best success of such analog computation efforts are with Neurogrid (full disclosure I worked with this group): https://web.stanford.edu/group/brainsinsilicon/

One thing to keep in mind is that communication is often still in digital spikes, which some may argue is more neuron like than an analog encoding.