There seems to be a new strain of conservatism being lead by Trump which seems to be a marriage of formerly liberal populism (protect workers, rebuild middle class, bring back factory jobs, socialized healthcare) and conservative economics.
Trump is essentially a European right-wing populist, something that hasn't really existed in America before.
No. Unless you think that defense spending is not part of the government. This is per capita spending by year:
https://www.mercatus.org/sites/default/files/Chart1-Spending...
Actually, George W Bush signed the spending bills for 2009. But the central point remains that conservatives (Republicans) hold no claim to fiscal conservatism.
You can say they act inconsistently with their claims but it's another thing to say they never even claim it. I think they do often claim this.
Bluntly, according to their record, conservatives are not fiscal conservatives. They just dress that way.
You're not paying attention. They're talking about access to insurance. Sure, I have access to a private Gulfstream jet, but that doesn't mean I can afford it.