Prior to 1986, hospitals were not required to treat the uninsured, but most nonprofit hospitals did anyway.[1] For-profit hospitals tried to dump them on nonprofit and charity institutions. The 1986 law makes all hospitals that take any Federal funding treat uninsured people with emergency conditions.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Medical_Treatment_an...
> ... "if the bill remains what it is now, I will not be able to support a cloture motion before final passage." In other words, Lieberman will support a filibuster. "I can't see a way in which I could vote for cloture on any bill that contained a creation of a government-operated-run insurance company," Lieberman said.
[0] http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/prescription...
Without a mandate for everyone to carry insurance, we have one industry footing the bill for what should really be paid by the government.
Instead, the indigent have insurance (in theory), and they can get healthcare other than at the emergency room, hopefully at lower cost.
The alternative is to end the mandate for hospitals to treat everyone.