GM, Ford, Waymo, Uber, Toyota, Apple, Volvo and Zoox have all opted to skip SEO levels 2 and 3, due to overtrust and the handoff problem respectively. These are most of the biggest players. The Germans appear to be largely in a state of clusterfuck, Mobileye is making serious amendments to their strategy, and that pretty much leaves Tesla, who are already in too deep with the incremental approach to back out now.