Assuming that the ¤10 company failed to recruit but ¤11 and ¤12 companies did manage to get a fitting candidate at that price, the market rate for that position is ~¤13, as that is the average rate at which the deals are happening - yes, offers that don't result in deals aren't relevant to the market rate, but at the same time someone asking for a raise to ¤15 and not getting it also isn't relevant to the market rate.

I'd say it's the profile that is 15. The market rate is defined for a specific profile, not for a generic job ad.

The 11 and 12 accepted offers were for other people, that maybe couldn't get better than 11 and 12. Maybe they are less experienced? maybe the 15 company would have hired them both too... but only at 11?

We could say that the cheap companies are under market or that they're only in the market for junior level <profile> (even though they don't advertise it).

We both agree we have to look at the closed deals and the details of the deals =)