I'm on mobile and not a physicist but the key is the observer. Photons don't observe anything.
We observe them since we observe time and they do have energy changes that we observe (I believe this is how colors and red shift work).
We observe them since we observe time and they do have energy changes that we observe (I believe this is how colors and red shift work).
Another question this raises for me is that if photons move in a timeless state between 2 points, what accounts for the period of their oscillation in the particle/wave duality? If they are tracing the fastest path through spacetime, yet to them, the time dimension is non existent, how do they have wave characteristics?