There are several alternatives to Google Apps, if that is what you are referring to, including TK Gapps and the MicroG project (as far as I know - I haven't used them myself).

> for example, Geolocation would be a problem without Google's WiFi data

UnifiedNlp[0] geolocation, when I looked into it a little while ago, could use various data sources including Mozilla's, Apple's, OpenWlanMap, and others.

----

[0] https://github.com/microg/android_packages_apps_UnifiedNlp/