In France they do not have a non SMS option. Also if you change your number you have to wait days while your bank mails a new activation code to your postal address. Actually snail mail. (At least with BNP.)

An incredible pain. I hate it. ApplePay for the web is far superior.

Data point of one here, but my experience is different. I used Crédit Coopératif, and they issued me with a password generator fob (like a small calculator in which you stick your Visa chip-card) which the 3D Secure page would ask for a response from.

I suspect it depends on your bank. Back when i used Crédit Agricole, i was indeed forced to do SMS auth, which is inferior.

3D Secure (at least in India) offers both SMS OTP and Password validation. So you can use your 3D Secure Password (which is different from bank credentials) or use SMS OTP to confirm the transaction.