As a centrist, the level of vitriol was very shocking, and it did not come from the party you'd expect.
This is an example of "preference falsification". The energy (in "the ability of a system to do work" sense) of aptly-named social media is social pressure.
Having said that, I think it is too easy to fault them for this. I'm an educator, and I think the only meaningful weapon against this is educating people on the forces involved. I'm also painfully aware that as I write this, an enormous swath of my fb friends are asking to be "unfriended" by people they don't agree with, so I don't think fb engineers are the real source of our issues in that dimension.
News, ads, friend suggestions etc. are all designed to be as non-confrontational as possible. To fit into your world view so neatly you don't even know that your perception of reality outside of Facebook, when filtered through Facebook, is actually tailored to you.
with that being said... Facebook's feed is too influential but that's not facebook's fault. People want confirmation bias and the internet is prob best at providing it.
there are exceptions, trending topics... big stories always get through... but for example... on facebook I buy things from a lot of small business and now i know how they feel about politics and now one has the real hard choice of... do i unfollow and miss sales or do i tolerate the small annoyance... real soft struggle stuff.
You know your racist family member you see sharing conspiracy theories on Facebook? That's reality, that's something punching through the filter bubble.
It's precisely because Facebook is full of hometown and family connections that it lets these ideas leak across. It makes Facebook feel pretty bad sometimes, because filter bubbles are very pleasant.