Even the US Gemini program had an on-board guidance computer before Apollo.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket
Insert joke about Cosmonauts being little more than trained monkeys with a stick, and Astronauts just being trained monkeys.
Or were you talking about a different kind of "PAS-sword"?
http://space.stackexchange.com/questions/4114/why-is-a-stick...
It didn't provide all the capabilities that the AGC did, but it did provide for navigation calculations and rode inside the capsule.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-17B
The Soviet R7 ICBM used a guidance system with tubes so that it was larger - that was a major reason why they needed a bigger missile; and that one would eventually take man to space.
The v2 had a gyroscopic a guidance system. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj2QVgfyXik
Technically nazis V1 had analog guidance computer and traveled in space. The same with all later ballistic missiles etc.
Early soviet manned space flights (Vostok, Voschod) were fully automated, in case pilot passes out. Americans did not had that until Apollo.
There was even 'password' login :-) [wiki, Vostok 1]
> The entire mission would be controlled by either automatic systems or by ground control. This was because medical staff and spacecraft engineers were unsure how a human might react to weightlessness, and therefore it was decided to lock the pilot's manual controls. In an unusual move, a code to unlock the controls was placed in an onboard envelope, for Gagarin's use in case of emergency.[7]:278 Prior to the flight, Kamanin and others told Gagarin the code anyway.