Case 1 and 2 are the same whether or not you tell people up front, and if so it is downright unethical not to, as e.g. in scenario 1, poor people end up being charged more for something they might have been able to save massive amounts on by travelling to a different hospital for non-emergency treatment. Yes, you'd need to include other information, like information about outcomes.

Regarding #3, I find that peculiar. Yes, for major operations there are always potential outliers, and you need to give a range and there may be potential large exceptions. But e.g. UK private providers will happily give you a quote in advance for most non-emergency care, and for anything with a straighforward diagnosis they will be willing to give you a fixed fee quote with certain exceptions. Not least because they have the volume to either self-insure, or get insurance to cover exceptions.