As others have mentioned here, Mark Rippetoe is my authority. He might not be perfect, but he's thorough and I trust him.

Starting Strength is excellent, but if you'd rather wet your feet first with some video, check out the series he did with Brett McKay of Art of Manliness:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLIasrSrFGdSNbeOT8Agw...