The credit card fee is way higher due to fraud; the "insurance" and so on needs to be paid somehow. The margins asked in e.g. Netherlands to pay with a bank card are much lower than any credit card. Partially these low fees are a result of price restrictions set by the government many years back. Then eventually banks figured out they could make much more money with a low fee and huge volume.

Before chip+pin (in Netherlands), swipe+pin was used. For fraud the client was already responsible. In practice the bank almost always reimbursed the client. To restrict the fraud/skimming, cards are often restricted to be used in Europe only. A setting you can easily change.

Due to above, usually non-European tourists are now affected by skimming.

I prefer the tap to pay btw. Banks restrict which machines can get money off these cards and in practice it is usually the typing in of your PIN which is the biggest problem. Depending on the bank you can change the max tap to pay amount.