Yeah, it's called Procedural programming.
That's functional programming.
The irony of this and the comment above it...
It is what we had before objects, back when ADT meant Abstract Data Types.
Objects are basically ADTs with support for polymorphism and inheritance.
You can do this with almost any language, OOP or not. Just stay away from inheritance.
Judging by the UNIX paradigm of the command line tools, the idea is clearly out there.
Instead of objects, do modules - things that do one thing, and carry minimal dependencies.
You need a banana? Grab the banana module. You need a banana with ice-cream center? Feed the "center" callback of the banana module with "ice-cream" instead of "banana intestines".
You need a copier? Grab both printer and scanner.
Is there any existing language that i'm describing now?