Typical office secretary jobs here require a work sample so you'll get a typical task for the job and have to do it on the spot (write a letter to someone, translate a text). My current job (academia) required a somewhat simple test to see if I have a decent understanding of method/statistics and the programming test was answering a couple of questions :P
In logistics you usually have to reason through a couple of typical work situations.
After entry level...it's usually just an interview and references.
I once had an agent almost freak out over the phone because he'd seen my open-source project and couldn't believe I'd created it myself. "It had to come from somewhere", I told him. "Why shouldn't it be me as much as any other random stranger on the phone?" Seems like even when I presented them with impressive, real-life work, they still didn't want to trust me :)
Except it's not, that's the problem. But this is not a matter of incompetence on the part of the employer, but of deliberate and calculated policy.