C++ costs more, but that's often a non issue for a trading floor. Security is much simpler in the Java world, but also possible in boring C++ code.
Making small changes is really more a question of your code than anything else IMO. There is a lot of crazy C++ and Java code out there.
Now for basic CRUD apps Java is a clear win. For high preformance trading that's an open issue. But, IMO there are much better languages to use.
Having bounds checks (with line number error reporting, rather than secondary, tertiary... damage followed by a core dump), and the use of non-null references (as well as pointers for the initial allocation from the heap) goes a long way towards eliminating much of the time wasting bullshit that C/++ brings into your life.
C is good for portable assembler. Otherwise, I want something less wacky than C++ to be "effective" with at a medium low level, and something higher level than Java for most other apps.
And tools to support them ?
Ignoring the fantasy that I would get to use something higher level (than Java) for most work...
Not everybody panics if they have to write code outside of Eclipse or Visual Studio.
Once upon a time, there was an expectation that programmers knew, or could learn, more than one language.
Sorry about the rude response, but I'm really sick of the dumbing down of everything for (counterproductive) business or "risk management" purposes. To paraphrase, "average performance" in this industry is pretty poor.
* it tends to be harder to write good C++ code than Java. For example we think that an average person can write better java code than C++ code because java is simpler to get going with. We also think that the average developer makes fewer mistakes in java than C++ (because C++ allows you to do 'crazy things!')
* that means that you need (on average) a better developer for C++, and that tends to cost more
* java tooling is exceptional (probably the best there is?)
* making small changes and releasing is much quicker in Java; builds tend to be shorter in duration for example
* once you have the framework for your system, the differentiator is then the business benefits delivered. If you can push small changes out very quickly you're getting rewards quicker and you can experiment more
* once you get down to certain performance points, it becomes similar writing java code as writing C++ code, but the JVM is also doing various work that you can't control so much. That can then inhibit you.
Other things:
* Azul isn't just h/w development it's also now in kernel plugin form iirc
* Have a look at Aeron (https://github.com/real-logic/Aeron) and I think the C++ and Java versions are fairly similar performance and they're designed by super with decent (industry renowned) developers writing it
* A lot of people write high performance code making extensive use of templates. That's a totally different way of programming than usual C++