Plumatic Schema [1] goes a long way towards narrowing that gap though and I cannot recommend it enough. Whether it goes far enough in terms of safety is certainly a matter of project type/size and personal preference, but to me, for my kind of work so far it does and they'll take away my ClojureScript when they pry it from my cold, dead hands. :)
Also (and slightly off-topic) the combination of clairvoyant + re-frame-tracer [2][3] (+[4] for some minor, so far mostly React Native-relevant additions) should be way more popular than it seems to be. It's definitely one of the most important tools in my toolbox and completely changed the way I approach debugging.
[1]: https://github.com/plumatic/schema [2]: https://clojars.org/day8/re-frame-tracer [3]: https://clojars.org/gnl/re-frame-tracer [4]: https://clojars.org/gnl/clairvoyant
At least for backend stuff, this is no worse than Clojure.
Give it a try :) Ping me if you have any questions.
(it's a joke)