Unsupervised learning in a technical sense means things like clustering algorithms where the goal is to discover structure in a data set without known labels (or numeric response).

If you show a human a single unlabeled picture of a platypus (or whatever) they will know instantly with a high degree of certainty that it is a new category of thing and be able to recognize additional images of it as belonging to that class even without being told a label for it.

Our best image classification algorithms can't do that, even with labels they need a lot of example images to learn to identify a new class.