Not currently. I think it can be largely attributed to header files, for which we currently have no solution in modern C++. Think about what your code would look like if you expanded all #includes of a single file, each containing entire class definitions that need to be parsed.
One of the proposals for the next C++ standard is for modules, which would allow better symbol importing and would largely boost compilation speeds, among other benefits.
I'm still wondering what makes go so fast to compile.